Toenail Fungus: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

Toenail fungus is a common condition that affects many people. It can cause your nails to become discolored, thickened, and brittle, leading to discomfort and embarrassment. If left untreated, this fungal nail infection can spread and result in more severe problems.

Fortunately, there are several home remedies you can try to help alleviate the symptoms and improve the appearance of your nails. In this article, we will explore eight simple and effective treatments for toenail fungus that you can easily incorporate into your daily routine.

Why Do We Get Toenail Fungus?

Toenail fungus, or onychomycosis, is a common fungal infection affecting your toenails. This infection is caused by various types of fungi, including dermatophytes, yeasts, and molds. Fungal nail infections are also known as tinea unguium.

When the fungi invade your toenail, they can cause discoloration, thickening, and crumbling of the nail. The infection usually starts at the tip of the nail and spreads deeper, possibly leading to pain and discomfort. It’s essential to identify and treat toenail fungus, as the infection could spread to other nails or even other people. 

Symptoms and Diagnosis of Toenail Fungus

Discoloration

Discoloration is a primary symptom often linked to toenail fungus.

It starts subtly with white or yellow spots emerging under your toenails, gradually leading to complete discoloration if untreated.

A podiatrist can swiftly ascertain if the discoloration is due to fungal infection or other diseases such as melanoma.

Brittleness

Brittleness is another common symptom of toenail fungus. Infected nails often become brittle or crumbly, making them prone to breaking, splitting, or falling off entirely, leading to discomfort or pain.

Early diagnosis of this symptom is vital for effective treatment. If you notice unusual brittleness, consult your medical professional. They may scrutinize your nails visually or send nail samples to a lab to confirm the presence of fungus.

Thick and Smelly Toenails

In addition to brittleness, your toenails may thicken and develop an unpleasant smell. Infected nails may also exhibit an uneven surface or lift off the nail bed, causing discomfort or pain. To diagnose a toenail fungus, a doctor usually begins with a visual examination of your nails. 

They may take a small sample of your nail or scrape debris from under the nail to determine the specific type of fungus. Once identified, the doctor can prescribe the appropriate treatment. 

Risk Factors for Toenail Fungus

Toenail fungus can develop due to various factors, such as exposure to a moist environment, trauma to the nail, a weakened immune system, or diabetes. Wearing tight shoes that limit air circulation can increase your risk of developing a fungal nail infection.

Diabetes can also make you more susceptible to fungal infections. This is due to poor circulation and a weakened immune system, which makes it difficult for your body to fight off infections. 

As an adult, you are at a higher risk for toenail fungus, as infections are more common in older individuals. This is attributed to decreased blood circulation and prolonged exposure to fungi over time.

A weakened immune system, either from medical conditions or medications, makes it challenging for your body to combat infections, including toenail fungus. Taking certain steps, such as maintaining good foot hygiene, can help minimize risk factors.

Antifungal Medications

If you have toenail fungus, your doctor may prescribe antifungal medications. Oral options are often prescribed for 6-12 weeks. Other topical treatment alternatives may be required to be taken weekly.

Topical treatments may require application that is typically required over several months. 

Natural Remedies

There are several safe and effective remedies that you can do at home. As with other natural treatments, however, patience is required. 

Tea Tree Oil

Tea tree oil is often used as a natural home remedy for toenail fungus due to its antiseptic and fungicidal properties. Applying tea tree oil daily to the affected area may help to inhibit fungal growth.

However, keep in mind that natural remedies are usually slower to show results. Always dilute tea tree oil with a carrier oil to avoid any skin irritation, and cease use immediately if any adverse effects occur.

Vinegar

Vinegar, thanks to its acidity, can assist in creating a hostile environment for fungal growth. Soaking your feet in a vinegar solution for about 20 minutes daily could help curb toenail fungus.

Despite its popularity, the effectiveness of vinegar against toenail fungus has yet to be scientifically proven.

Baking Soda

Baking soda is frequently enlisted in the battle against toenail fungus. Its functionality to absorb moisture may discourage fungal growth.

While it may not effectively kill the fungus, baking soda can prevent its spread. Soak infected feet in a baking soda solution daily.

Mouthwash

Mouthwash has antiseptic properties, which make it a commonly suggested home remedy for toenail fungus.  

Many believe soaking the infected foot in mouthwash for half an hour can disinfect the area.

Garlic

Garlic is reputed for its antimicrobial properties and is thus famed as a natural remedy for toenail fungus.

Applying crushed fresh garlic to the infected toenail may help deter the fungal infection.

Apple Cider Vinegar

Apple cider vinegar is known for its antifungal properties, making it a popular home remedy for toenail fungus.

Soaking the affected toe in a mixture of equal parts vinegar and water can help curb the fungi.

Oregano Oil

Oregano oil, high in antifungal compounds, is favored as a natural remedy for toenail fungus. 

Applying a few drops of oregano oil to the affected nail at least twice daily can help fight the infection. As always, it’s wise to test for any skin sensitivity to this oil.

Olive Leaf Extract

Olive leaf extract is recognized for its robust antifungal properties, making it a valuable ally against toenail fungus.

Consuming the extract in capsule form or externally applying it can hinder fungus growth.

Remember, natural remedies can take time. Always consult a healthcare professional if the infection persists or if you experience any adverse side effects from the treatment.

Prevention of Toenail Fungus

Proper Foot Hygiene

Maintaining proper foot hygiene is essential in preventing toenail fungus. Regularly wash your feet with soap and water, and ensure your toenails are trimmed short and straight. This helps prevent fungal infections from starting.

In public spaces like swimming pools, wear protective footwear such as flip-flops.

Keeping Feet Dry

Wearing moisture-wicking socks made of acrylic or synthetic materials can help reduce perspiration and keep your feet dry. Avoid tight shoes and choose breathable fabrics to minimize sweat buildup, which can create a breeding ground for fungus.

Foot Care Tools

If you frequent nail salons, ensure that the equipment is properly sanitized. This includes foot baths, nail clippers, and other tools. 

Consider bringing your equipment to reduce the risk of infection. By practicing these preventative measures, you can reduce your risk of developing toenail fungus and maintain healthy nails.

When to See a Doctor

It’s crucial to consult a doctor if your toenail displays signs of a fungal nail infection. If you struggle with diabetes or have a weakened immune system, you should be especially vigilant about seeking medical advice to prevent complications.

A doctor or dermatologist may perform lab tests to accurately diagnose the problem before prescribing antifungal medication.

A podiatrist can be particularly helpful for patients dealing with persistent issues or pain related to infected nails. Promptly consult a specialist to address any concerns and expedite your recovery. 

Frequently Asked Questions

How long does hydrogen peroxide take to eliminate toenail fungus?

It varies depending on the severity of the infection.

Typically, it takes a few weeks to a couple of months for hydrogen peroxide to help eliminate toenail fungus. Consistent application and patience are essential.

What is the fastest way to get rid of toenail fungus?

Quick results can be achieved using a combination of home remedies like vinegar or baking soda and over-the-counter antifungal treatments.

However, there is no instant cure, and healing takes time.

Which over-the-counter treatments work best for toenail fungus?

While not claiming to cure toenail fungus, over-the-counter antifungal treatments like creams, ointments, and sprays can help improve the appearance of your nails.

Consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice.

What home remedies are most effective for killing toenail fungus?

Some effective home remedies include vinegar (apple cider or white), baking soda, hydrogen peroxide, and essential oils like tea tree oil.

Each remedy has its own method of application, and it’s important to follow instructions.

Which type of vinegar is most effective against toenail fungus?

Both apple cider vinegar and white vinegar can be effective against toenail fungus.

Soak the affected toenails in a solution of equal parts water and vinegar for approximately 30 minutes daily.