IBS: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a frequently occurring chronic condition that impacts the stomach and intestines, also called the gastrointestinal tract, and necessitates long-term management. 

The condition is characterized by a range of gastrointestinal symptoms, which can vary from person to person and affect millions of people worldwide. 

Understanding the symptoms, causes, and available treatment options can help those affected by IBS better manage their condition and lead healthier lives. Careful diagnosis, lifestyle modifications, stress management, and proper medication can help individuals manage their IBS.

Symptoms and Types of IBS

This chronic gastrointestinal disorder is characterized by a variety of symptoms. Diarrhea-predominant, constipation-predominant, mixed, and unclassified are the four main types of IBS when considered from a symptom-based perspective. 

It is important to note that these symptoms may vary in intensity and frequency and that not every individual with IBS experiences all of them.

Abdominal Pain or Discomfort

One of the primary symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is abdominal pain or discomfort. 

This pain is often related to bowel movements and might be accompanied by bloating or a sense of fullness. It’s important to note that IBS-related abdominal pain typically lessens after a bowel movement. 

Bowel Movement Changes

Bowel movement changes are a characteristic symptom of IBS. Individuals may experience constipation (IBS-C), diarrhea (IBS-D), or alternate between both (IBS-M). 

Stools may also appear loose and watery or hard and lumpy. These changes can be accompanied by a feeling of incomplete evacuation, urgency, or mucus in the stool.

Bloating and Gas

Bloating and excessive gas are common complaints among people with IBS. Dietary triggers and irregular bowel habits can lead to increased gas production and a bloated feeling, often causing discomfort and pain.

Mucus in stools

Mucus may also be present in the stools of individuals with IBS. This is another symptom that can vary greatly from person to person. Some may experience excessive mucus in their stools, while others may not notice any at all.

Causes, Risk Factors, & Triggers

In a healthy system, the muscles in the intestinal walls contract and relax in a steady rhythm as food travels from the stomach and into the entire digestive tract. 

When these contractions slow down or speed up, so does the movement of food through your system, leading to symptoms of IBS. The exact cause of IBS is not clear, but it is believed to be related to a combination of factors and triggers.

Gut Health Imbalance

One potential cause of IBS is an imbalance in the gut bacteria. The gastrointestinal tract contains trillions of bacteria that play a crucial role in maintaining a healthy gut environment. 

Any disruption to this delicate balance can lead to IBS symptoms.

Genetics

Genetics may also play a role in IBS, as the condition tends to run in families. If you have a close relative with IBS, you may be more likely to develop the disorder. 

It is important, however, to note that not all individuals with a genetic predisposition end up experiencing IBS symptoms.

Diet and Food Intolerance

IBS can be triggered by certain foods, such as dairy products, high-fat foods, and artificial sweeteners. Certain foods, such as those high in fat, caffeine, or alcohol, as well as carbonated beverages, can trigger IBS symptoms. 

Additionally, it has been found that individuals with IBS may have difficulty digesting lactose and fructose, which can exacerbate their symptoms.